نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار گروه مهندسی طبیعت، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اردکان، اردکان، ایران.
2 دانشجوی دکتری آبخیزداری، گروه احیا مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی ، دانشگاه تهران ، کرج، ایران
3 دانشجوی دکتری مرتعداری، گروه احیا مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی ، دانشگاه تهران ، کرج، ایران
4 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت مرتع، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Groundwater level decline in Iran’s agricultural plains, particularly in the Qazvin Plain, has become one of the major drivers of both quantitative and qualitative water resource degradation. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term trend of groundwater decline and to identify and prioritize the natural and anthropogenic factors contributing to groundwater level depletion in the Qazvin Plain. The research employed an integrated methodology combining spatiotemporal analysis of groundwater level changes over a 31-year period (1994–2024) using digital spatial mapping techniques and the Triangular Fuzzy Delphi Method based on the consensus of 16 experts in groundwater, agriculture, and water resources management. The results indicated that the mean groundwater table decline over the study period was approximately 20.5 m, with an average annual decline rate of 0.68 m. The greatest decline (30 m) occurred in the northeastern and southern parts of the plain, whereas the lowest decline (11 m) was observed in the eastern, western, and southwestern sections of the aquifer. Expert evaluations revealed that anthropogenic factors have a substantially greater influence than natural factors and represent the dominant drivers of groundwater depletion in the Qazvin Plain. The three highest-ranked factors were increasing agricultural water demand (0.784), construction of upstream storage dams (0.715), and reduced natural aquifer recharge (0.705). The findings highlight that human-induced pressures are the primary cause of groundwater level decline. Therefore, sustainable groundwater management should prioritize controlling these pressures through measures such as optimizing cropping patterns, expanding efficient irrigation systems, strengthening groundwater well monitoring, improving upstream reservoir operation, updating water-related legislation, implementing land-use planning, and enhancing water governance.
کلیدواژهها [English]