نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشگاه ارومیه-دانشکده علوم
2 استادیار، گروه زمین شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران
3 3- استادیار، گروه زمین شناسی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Subsidence, a gradual geological phenomenon, is often associated with the decline in underground water levels and excessive extraction of groundwater in aquifer areas. This study focuses on the subsidence dynamics in the Salmas Plain of northwest Iran, examining both geological factors and anthropogenic influences. These factors include the presence of faults, clay layers, organic soils, and areas characterized by a high thickness of the aquifer layer. Human activities, such as mining, organic soil drainage, and groundwater depletion due to harvesting, further contribute to the complexity of subsidence patterns, which appear randomly. Situated in the northwest of Iran, the Salmas Plain encompasses the salt marshes of Lake Urmia in its eastern part. Our research employs the GARDLIF framework and machine learning to delineate the zones of land subsidence in Salmas Plain. Seven critical parameters, namely groundwater level drop, aquifer discharge, aquifer feeding, land use, aquifer environment, and distance from faults, were systematically analyzed. Results indicate a notable subsidence rate of 12 cm per year in the region. Specifically, areas around the city of Salmas and the western and northeastern parts of the aquifer show the highest susceptibility to subsidence. Field observations corroborate the model's predictions, revealing subsidence in the form of sinkholes and cracks in the Salmas city area. The sensitivity analysis underscores the significance of specific parameters in influencing land subsidence. The drop in underground water level (G) and pumping from the aquifer (D) emerge as the most influential, with average changes of 0.27 and 0.15, respectively. In contrast, the distance from faults proves to be the least effective parameter, with average changes of 0.0025. This research not only contributes to the understanding of subsidence in aquifer regions but also underscores the importance of considering both geological and anthropogenic factors in assessing and managing land subsidence risks.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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