راه کارهای پیشنهادی مدیریت پایدار آب زیرزمینی در سطح ملی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دوره دکتری هیدروژئولوژی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه زمین‌شناسی کاربردی، دانشکده علوم زمین ، دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران، ایران.

10.22034/hydro.2024.55544.1284

چکیده

آب زیرزمینی یک منبع حیاتی برای تأمین نیازهای آبی می­باشد. در سال­های اخیر هم­گام با افزایش رشد جمعیت و تقاضا برای آب، تغییر اقلیم و خشک­سالی­های ناشی از آن، منجر به برداشت­ بی­رویه آب زیرزمینی و کاهش کمی و کیفی این منبع ارزشمند در سطح جهانی شده است. با درک رو به رشد وابستگی متقابل آب و توسعه، مدیریت پایدار آب زیرزمینی در سطح ملی برای مقابله با تهدیدهایی هم­چون کمبود آب، غذا، انرژی، از بین رفتن اکوسیستم­ها و تنوع زیستی و از همه مهم­تر کاهش امنیت انسانی امری ضروری می­باشد. لذا با توجه به بحران آبی کشور، در این تحقیق با الگوبرداری و استفاده از تجارب موفق کشورهای پیش­گام در زمینه مدیریت پایدار آب زیرزمینی هم­چون هند و آمریکا (ایالات آریزونا و کالیفرنیا) به دلیل داشتن وضعیت بحرانی آب زیرزمینی و شرایط اقلیمی مشابه با ایران، راه­کارهای پیشنهادی جهت بهبود وضعیت مدیریت فعلی کشور ارائه شده است. بنابراین به منظور مدیریت پایدار آب زیرزمینی، نیازمند شناخت مسائل و مشکلات ایجاد شده در این زمینه بوده و این امر با رسم چرخ درهم­تنیدگی سیستم پویا و پیچیده آب زیرزمینی به صورت یک رویکرد مشارکتی میان بهره­برداران، مدیران، متخصصان و کارشناسان فنی، قانون­گذاران و سیاست­گذاران و مردم محلی، حاصل می­شود. چنین شناختی مستلزم تفکر شبکه­ای و در نظر گرفتن کلیه روابط بین اجزای زیرسیستم­های آبی (طبیعی، فنی، فرهنگی-اجتماعی، اقتصادی و حقوقی) می­باشد و سپس اشتراک­گذاری داده­های شفاف و قابل اعتماد، ظرفیت­سازی و ایجاد بستری برای همکاری بیش­تر نهادهای مربوطه، وضع قوانین و اقدام و عملی­سازی توسط سازمان­های درگیر می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Suggested solutions for sustainable management of groundwater at the national level

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alhen Sheikhzadeh 1
  • Mohammad Nakhaei 2
  • Ali Ahmadi 1
1 PhD in Hydrogeology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Geology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Groundwater is a vital resource for meeting water needs. In recent years with the increase in population growth and water demand, climate change and relating droughts, led to indiscriminate extraction of groundwater and decrease in quantity and quality of this precious resource in the global level. With growing perception of the interdependence of water and development, sustainable groundwater management at national level is necessary to deal with threats such as shortage of water, food, energy, loss of ecosystems and biodiversity and most importantly the reduction of human security. So, regarding water crisis in the country, in this research proposed solutions are presented to improve current managing status in the country by modelling and utilizing successful experience of pioneered countries in the field of groundwater sustainable management like India and USA (Arizona and California) since they have critical groundwater situation similar to Iran. Therefore, in order to sustainably manage underground water, it is necessary to understand the issues and problems created in this field and this will be achieved by drawing the intertwining cycle of the dynamic and complex underground water system as a collaborative approach among operators, managers, specialists and technical experts, legislators, policy makers and local people. Such recognition requires network thinking and considering all the relationships within the components of water subsystems (natural, technical, socio-cultural, economic and legal) and it also needs sharing transparent and reliable data with activists, capacity building, creating a platform for more cooperation of the relevant institutions, making laws, taking actions and implementation by the involved organizations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ecosystem
  • Groundwater
  • Network thinking
  • Sustainable Management
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