Investigation of rock mass groutability at Kaleybar Peygham-Chay dam foundation based on field data

Document Type : Research paper

Authors

1 Associated Professor, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

2 M.Sc. in Engineering Geology, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

10.22034/hydro.2022.14213

Abstract

Cement grouting is the most common methods using for improving, treatment and sealing the foundations of structures and construction sites of dam projects. In this method, through injecting the cement grout by pressure, joints and fractures of rock mass subjected to filling and as a result, the geomechanical characteristics of the rock mass improving due to integrity and reducing of permeability. The key to success in using this approach is to correctly evaluate the grout-ability of rock mass and, consequently, to determine the mixing plan and designing of grouting parameters. Peygham-Chay Reservoir Dam is an embankment dam with a clay core and a height of 46 meters from the riverbed, which is under construction in East Azerbaijan province, 15 km southwest of the Kaleybar city. The bedrock of the dam site is basalt, which is covered by alluvial deposits in the riverbed and the left abutment. The bedrock is fractured due to 3 main joints and a number of sub-joints and faults. Based on the results of Lugeon tests in the construction site along to the dam axis, in most test sections, the permeability is less than 3 Lugeon. The rock mass quality index (RQD) in the study site in 75% of sections is less than 25% and in only 1% of sections is more than 75%. Investigation of the relationship between RQD and Lugeon values shows that most sections with low to high RQD have low permeability and there is no logical relationship between these two parameters. In different RQD, the cement take is low that indicates the presence of rock mass with low to high degree of jointing with filled and/or with low aperture as well as very low continuity. The study of the relationship between the cement take and different classes of secondary permeability index (SPI) shows that there is no logical relationship between this parameters in the study site. Based on the obtained results, the rock mass forming the study site is low grout-ability.

Keywords

References

آقانباتی، ع.، 1385. زمین­شناسی ایران، انتشارات سازمان زمین‌شناسی و اکتشافات معدنی، تهران.
سهرابی بیدار، ع.، مظفری، م.، ذوالفقاری، ع.، رستگارنیا، ا.، 1399. بررسی تزریق­پذیری و خورند سیمان در ساختگاه سد خراسان II، پژوهش­های زیرساخت­های عمرانی، 6(2): 1-12
شرکت مهندسی مشاور نهادآب، 1393. گزارش زمین­شناسی مهندسی، طرح توسعه بهره‌برداری از رودخانه پیغام‌چای، طرح سد مخزنی پیغام‌چای کلیبر، مطالعات مرحله دوم.
فرخزاد، ف.، شعبانی، م. ج.، شجاعی، ف.، 1398. تحلیل عددی تأثیر بلانکت رسی و دیوار آب­بند بر کاهش نشت از پی سد خاکی، دو فصلنامه علمی کارافن، 45: 126-107.
قنبری، ع.، زریابی، س.، 1393. روش ساده برای محاسبه مقدار نشت از پی سدهای خاکی با وجود بلانکت و دیوار آب­بند، نشریه مهندسی عمران و محیط‌زیست، 44(2): 75.
کماسی، م.، بیرانوند، ب.، 1399. بررسی دبی نشت و عملکرد پرده آب­بند سد خاکی ایوشان با استفاده از تحلیل عددی، نشریه مهندسی منابع آب، 13(4): 1-14.
مظفری، م.، 1398. بررسی مشکل فرار آب از مخزن سد شاه قاسم با استفاده از آنالیز هیدروژئولوژیکی، نشریه هیدروژئولوژی، 4(2): 145-156.
مقیمی، ه.، راوش، ف.، بخشایش، م. ک.، 1399. بررسی قابلیت آزمون فشار آب در محاسبه میزان نشت از پرده آب­بند سد سیمره در استان ایلام، نشریه هیدروژئولوژی، 5(1): 1-5.
نوری، م.، سلماسی، ف.، 1396. بررسی عددی تأثیر پتوی رسی در کاهش نشت از پی سدهای خاکی،‌ نشریه هیدروژئولوژی، 2(1): 58-70.
Akinrinmade, A.O., Ogunsanwo, O., Ige, O.O., 2013. Geophysical and Geotechnical Investigation of river Ero, Ajuba, Southwestern Nigeria for dam development. International Journal of Science and Technology, 2(1): 518-528.
Azimian, A., Ajalloeian, R., 2014. Permeability and groutability appraisal of the Nargesi dam site in Iran based on the secondary permeability index, joint hydraulic aperture and Lugeon tests. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 74: 845–859.
Barzegari, G., 2017. Geotechnical evaluation of dam foundation with special reference to in situ permeability: A case study. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 35: 991–1011.
Ewert, F.K., 1998. Rock grouting with emphasis on dam sites. Springer, Verlage, Berlin, 428 p.        
Fakhari, A., Ghanbari, A., 2013. A simple method for calculating the seepage from earth dams with clay core. Journal of GeoEngineering, 8(1): 27-32.
Fan, G., Zhong, D., Yan, F., Yue, P., 2015. A hybrid fuzzy evaluation method for curtain grouting efficiency assessment based on an AHP method extended by D numbers, Export Systems with Applications, 44: 289-303.
Foyo A, Sa´nchez MA, Tomillo C., 2005 A proposal for a secondary Permeability Index obtained from water pressure tests in dam foundations, Engineering Geology, 77: 69-82
Heidarzadeh, M., Mirghasemi, A.A., Eslamian, F., Sadr-Lahijan, S.M., 2013. Application of cement grouting for stabilization of course materials. International Journal of Civil Engineering, Transaction B: Geotechnical Engineering, 11(1): 71-77.
Houlsby, A. C., 1999. Engineering of grouting curtains to standards. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, 103(9): 953-970.
Houlsby, AC., 1990. Construction and design of cement grouting. Wiley, New York, 442 p.
Jafarzadeh, F., Mousavi, S.H., 2012. Effect of specimen’s age on mechanical properties of plastic concrete walls in dam foundations, Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 17: 473-482.   
James Warner, P. E., 2004. Practical handbook of grouting. soil, rock, and structures, John Wiley 8 Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NewJersy, 720 p.
Li, X., Zhong, D., Ren, B., Fan, G., Cui, B., 2017. Prediction of curtain grouting efficiency based on ANFIS. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 78: 281–309.
Markou, L., 2019. Efficiency of soil groutability criteria for cement suspension grouting. Geotechnical Engineering Foundation of the Future, 1-9; DOI: 10.32075/17ECMGE-2019-0197.
Nonveiller, E., 1989. Grouting theory and practice. Development of Geotechnical Engineering, Elsevier.
Salimian, M.., Baghbanan, H., Hashemolhosseini, A., Dehghanipoodeh, M., Norouzi, S., 2017. Effect of grouting on shear behavior of rock joint.  International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences, 98: 159-166.
Sadeghiyeh S.A., Hashemi, M., Ajalloeian, R., 2013. Comparison of permeability and groutability of Ostur dam site rock mass for grout curtain design, Rock Mechanics Rock Engineering, 46:341–357.
Ullah, A., Kassim, A., Alam, I., Muhammad, J., Izwan, S.A., 2019. Efficiency analysis of seepage of Baz Ali small dam, kurram agency using clay blanket and cut-off wall with sand filter. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia, 67: 125-130.
Xu, J., Xiao, Ch., Nawu, H., Kang, X., 2020. Reuse of excavated clayey silt in cement – fly ash – Bentonite hybrid backfill grouting during shield Tunneling. Sustainability, 12 (3): 1-20.
Hydrogeology
Volume 7, Issue 1
Publisher
September 2022
Pages 117-130

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics